{"id":8370,"date":"2025-05-07T21:39:51","date_gmt":"2025-05-07T13:39:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/heal-oncology.com\/cancer-type\/throat-cancer\/"},"modified":"2026-04-01T00:20:59","modified_gmt":"2026-03-31T16:20:59","slug":"throat-cancer","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/heal-oncology.com\/en\/cancer-type\/throat-cancer\/","title":{"rendered":"Throat Cancer"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Know yourself, know your enemy, and you will never be defeated<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Understanding Throat Cancer<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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In this article:<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\tIncidence and Mortality Statistics<\/a><\/span>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\tCommon Symptoms<\/a><\/span>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\tRisk Factors<\/a><\/span>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\tDiagnostic Methods<\/a><\/span>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\tPersonal Care<\/a><\/span>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Overview of Hong Kong<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Incidence and Survival Rates of Throat Cancer<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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The throat (or pharynx) is a muscular tube located behind the nose and above the neck, and throat cancer (or pharyngeal cancer) generally refers to flat cells that grow in that area. The specific types include:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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  • Nasopharyngeal cancer<\/strong> \u2013 growing near the nasal cavity<\/li>
  • Oropharyngeal cancer<\/strong> \u2013 growing at the junction of the throat and mouth, including the tonsils<\/li>
  • Hypopharyngeal cancer<\/strong> \u2013 growing at the bottom of the throat, above the oesophagus and trachea<\/li>
  • Glottic cancer<\/strong> \u2013 growing in the vocal cord area, which is the most common type of throat cancer<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Throat cancer is not particularly common. According to estimates from the American Cancer Society, about 12,370 new cases were diagnosed in the U.S. in 2020, with a yearly decline in diagnoses of 2% to 3%. Data from the Taiwan Cancer Foundation indicates that throat cancer cases account for about 4% of local malignancies each year.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    It is noteworthy that the incidence of throat cancer differs significantly between genders. In the aforementioned 2020 U.S. statistics, nearly 80% of new cases were male; in Taiwan, the male-to-female ratio is also approximately 8:1. This indicates that men have a higher risk of developing throat cancer, regardless of location.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    The survival rate or mortality rate for throat cancer largely depends on the stage of cancer. In the UK, statistics from the Imperial Cancer Research Fund show that the 5-year survival rate for stage I throat cancer patients is as high as 90%, while it is close to 70% for stage II and around 60% for stage III. Stage IV drops significantly to about 30%. Overall, the 5-year survival rate for throat cancer patients is approximately 65%.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Symptoms of Throat Cancer<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Common Throat Cancer Symptoms: Warning Signs of Hoarseness and Difficulty Swallowing<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Like oral cancer, throat cancer arises from genetic mutations in cells, causing uncontrolled cell growth while healthy cells gradually die, leading to tumour formation. However, the actual causes of these genetic mutations are not yet understood, and the medical community has identified the following risk factors:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    • Any form of tobacco use<\/li>
    • Excessive alcohol consumption<\/li>
    • Sexual contact leading to HPV (human papillomavirus) infection<\/li>
    • Insufficient fruit and vegetable intake<\/li>
    • Having gastroesophageal reflux disease<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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      The symptoms of throat cancer closely resemble those of oral cancer, including difficulty swallowing, ear pain, non-healing swelling, and sudden weight loss. Additionally, if a persistent cough or voice issues such as hoarseness or unclear speech are observed, it may indicate throat cancer, and medical consultation should be sought promptly.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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      Common Diagnostic Methods<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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      Throat Cancer Diagnosis Methods: Laryngoscopy and Biopsy Process<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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      If a doctor suspects a patient has throat cancer, various tests will be conducted to confirm cancer cells’ presence, location, size, and other conditions. The diagnostic methods used are generally similar to those for oral cancer and may include:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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      • Endoscopy<\/strong> \u2013 The doctor will insert a flexible tube with a light and a tiny camera into the patient\u2019s mouth to closely examine the throat for abnormalities. They may also use another type of tube with a magnifying lens, known as a laryngoscope, to inspect the condition of the vocal cords.<\/li>
      • Biopsy<\/strong> \u2013 If abnormalities are found during the endoscopy or laryngoscopy, further tests may be arranged to remove a small tissue sample from the throat for laboratory analysis to check for cancer cells.<\/li>
      • Imaging Examinations<\/strong> \u2013 To further understand the development of the cancer or assess treatment effectiveness, different techniques will be used to obtain images of the inside of the patient\u2019s body:
        • CT Scan<\/strong> \u2013 Uses X-rays to capture detailed images of soft tissues to understand the tumour’s size and location and whether it has spread to nearby tissues, lymph nodes, or lungs.<\/li>
        • MRI<\/strong> \u2013 Functions similarly to a CT scan but uses radio waves and strong magnets to obtain detailed images of soft tissues, allowing for examination of any spread to the neck, brain, and spinal cord.<\/li>
        • PET Scan<\/strong> \u2013 Also known as positron emission tomography, it utilises the property that cancer cells absorb more sugar than normal cells. A radioactive sugar solution is injected into the patient, and a PET scan is performed to observe radiation distribution in the body, indicating whether cancer cells have spread to other locations.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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          Through these various tests, doctors will determine the volume, location, and extent of cancer cell spread in the patient, thus assessing the stage of throat cancer. The staging method may vary slightly among the different subtypes of throat cancer. Generally, throat cancer can be classified into stages I, II, III, and IV, with stage I indicating small tumours that have not invaded tissues beyond the throat; later stages indicate larger tumours and more severe spread.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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          Primary Treatment Methods<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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          Throat Cancer Treatment Methods: Radiotherapy and Larynx-Preserving Surgery<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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          The aforementioned tests and classifications are designed to guide doctors in determining the most appropriate treatment plan based on the patient’s overall health condition. Generally, the treatment methods for throat cancer include:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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          1. Radiation Therapy<\/h4>

          Radiation therapy involves using high-energy rays, such as X-rays or protons, to target cancer cells in the body. Depending on the patient’s needs, this treatment can be performed externally or internally. In external radiation therapy, the patient lies flat under a large machine that emits X-rays, allowing the rays to penetrate the body and reach the tumour, which takes a few minutes. For internal radiation therapy, the patient is put under general anaesthesia, and a needle containing radioactive material is implanted into the cancer cells, which takes several days to complete.<\/p>

          After radiation therapy, patients may experience various side effects, such as skin pain, throat pain, loss of taste, and loss of appetite, which are normal and do not require excessive worry. However, if these symptoms persist, patients should seek medical attention.<\/p>

          Notably, radiation therapy is not the best option for all throat cancer patients. For some early-stage patients, radiation alone may be sufficient to eliminate cancer cells. In contrast, in some advanced cases, radiation can only serve as one of the palliative methods, as the tumours may be complex to eradicate.<\/p>

          2. Surgery<\/h4>

          Surgery is a direct approach to addressing tumours in the patient\u2019s body, especially for early-stage patients with small tumours that have not spread beyond the throat or vocal cords. The doctor will use a hollow endoscope to access the throat and employ lasers or other specialised materials to destroy cancer cells. In cases where tumours have spread to nearby lymph nodes, the doctor will need to remove those lymph nodes as well.<\/p>

          3. Chemotherapy<\/h4>

          Chemotherapy refers to using drugs to eliminate cancer cells, which can be administered orally or delivered through the patient’s bloodstream to target tumours throughout the body. For throat cancer, chemotherapy is generally combined with radiation therapy.<\/p>

          Patients should be particularly aware that chemotherapy can reduce the number of normal cells in the blood, leading to side effects such as inflammation, fatigue, vomiting, and oral pain, which are normal. If discomfort persists, medical advice should be sought.<\/p>

          4. Targeted Therapy<\/h4>

          This treatment approach targets substances that promote cancer cell growth. The most commonly used targeted drug for throat cancer is cetuximab, which acts on a specific protein that is particularly active in certain throat cancer cells, thereby inhibiting their growth. There are more potential targeted drugs currently undergoing clinical research.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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          Healthy Living<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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          Post-Throat Cancer Surgery Care: Voice Training and Swallowing Rehabilitation<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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          No treatment method is foolproof; patients must also maintain good lifestyle habits. After treatment for throat cancer, patients should avoid increasing the risk of recurrence, such as quitting smoking, as smoking can undermine the effects of prior therapies and make recovery more difficult, even leading to other cancers in the future. Additionally, patients who have recovered should also minimise alcohol consumption; if alcohol is necessary, it should be consumed in moderation. Patients can consult their doctors for advice on follow-up treatments such as massage or acupuncture.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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          Prevention Methods<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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          Throat Cancer Prevention: Are HPV Vaccines and Quitting Smoking\/Alcohol Important?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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          Like oral cancer, the causes of genetic mutations leading to throat cancer are unclear, and the medical community has not identified methods to eliminate the risk of cancer. However, some strategies may help reduce risk, including:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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          • Refusing or quitting all forms and types of tobacco<\/li>
          • Avoiding alcohol; if drinking is necessary, controlling the amount consumed<\/li>
          • Consuming a rich variety of fruits and vegetables daily<\/li>
          • Practising safe sex to reduce the risk of HPV infection<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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            Frequently Asked Questions<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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            Throat Cancer FAQs<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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            What is the difference between throat cancer and oral cancer?<\/h4>

            Throat cancer grows in areas such as the soft palate, back of the tongue, and tonsils, while oral cancer occurs in the lips, tongue, and hard palate. Indeed, the two locations are very close together, and thus their causes, risk factors, and treatment methods are generally similar. Patients should seek professional advice based on their circumstances.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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            What should I do if I notice early signs of throat cancer?<\/h4>

            As mentioned, symptoms of throat cancer may not necessarily be caused by cancer; for example, difficulty swallowing, tooth pain, and facial swelling are common discomforts that may occur. Therefore, if you experience these symptoms, there is no need to panic; however, if the situation persists or worsens, it is essential to seek medical attention to avoid missing the optimal treatment window.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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            What should I pay attention to after being diagnosed with throat cancer?<\/h4>

            Feeling down after a cancer diagnosis is routine, but to ensure the best treatment timing and effectiveness, patients should follow their doctor’s instructions and engage in appropriate treatment plans to alleviate their condition. At the same time, patients should maintain healthy lifestyle habits, avoiding smoking and excessive drinking, which are associated with throat cancer. If needed, communicate with family and friends to help them understand your situation and feelings, assisting you through challenging times.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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            Will eating be affected after treatment?<\/h4>

            Surgical procedures and radiation therapy can affect the movement of the mouth, tongue, and throat, causing difficulties in eating, which is a regular occurrence. Patients can try soft foods like scrambled eggs and yoghurt while avoiding spicy or salty foods. As the tissue heals, swelling will gradually subside, and patients can return to a regular diet. However, if eating difficulties persist, patients should consult their doctor to understand why.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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            Will speech be affected after treatment?<\/h4>

            Since throat cancer directly involves the vocal cords, it inevitably affects the patient’s ability to speak. However, the impact is usually temporary and mild in most cases, such as difficulty accurately producing one or two sounds. As the body recovers, the patient’s speech ability should largely return to normal. Patients should promptly consult their doctor or a speech therapist for professional advice if these issues do not improve.


            \u25a3 The information on this website has been reviewed by the HEAL Medical Team and is regularly updated according to the most recent clinical evidence. All content is provided for general informational purposes only and should not replace professional medical advice. Please consult your doctor or another qualified healthcare professional for personalized medical guidance.

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            Our centre operates from Monday to Friday, 09:00 AM <\/span>to 5:30 PM<\/span>, and Saturday, 09:00 AM <\/span>to 1:00 PM.<\/span> For appointments or to speak with our staff, please call +852 3598 9090<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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            Should you need to contact us outside business hours, kindly leave a message, and we’ll get back to you as soon as possible.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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